Huruf korea

HURUF KOREA 반글

Hangûl adalah huruf Korea. Jumlahnya ada 40 huruf.

VOKAL

huruf	nama	romanisasi	contoh bunyi
ㅏ	아  a	a	“a” pada “ayam”
ㅓ	어  ô	ô	“o” pada “kolom”
ㅗ	오  o	o	“o” pada “toko”
ㅜ	우  u	u	“u” pada “udang”
ㅣ	이  i	i	“i” pada “ikan”
ㅡ	으  û	û	“e” pada “empat”
ㅐ	애  ae	ae	“e” pada “cewek”
ㅔ	에  e	e	“e” pada “tempe”
ㅚ	외  oe	oe	“e” pada “beras”

VOKAL GABUNGAN

huruf	nama	romanisasi	contoh bunyi
ㅑ	야  ya	ya	“ya” pada “kaya”
ㅕ	여  yô	yô	“yo” pada “mahyong”
ㅛ	요  yo	yo	“yo” pada “yoyo”
ㅠ	유  yu	yu	“yu” pada “kayu”
ㅒ	애  yae	yae	“ye” pada “yes”
ㅖ	에  ye	ye	“ye” pada “yesus”
ㅢ	의  ûi	ûi	“ei” pada “euis”
ㅘ	와  wa	wa	“wa” pada “wajah”
ㅙ	왜  wae	wae	“we” pada “web”
ㅞ	웨  we	we	“we” pada “WC”
ㅝ	워  wô	wô	“wo” pada “cowok”
ㅟ	위  wi	wi	“wi” pada “sawi”

KONSONAN

huruf	nama	letak	romanisasi	contoh kata
ㄱ	기역   giyôk	Di antara vokal Sesudah konsonan “m”, “r”, “n”, “g” Di awal kata Sesudah konsonan selain“m”, “r”, “n”, “g” Konsonan akhir	G G K K K	nugu hanguk kaban ch’ukku miguk
ㄴ	니은   niûn	Di awal kata Konsonan akhir	N N	naeil nun
ㄷ	디귿   digût	Di antara vokal Sesudah konsonan“m”, “r”, “n”, “g” Di awal kata Sesudah konsonan selain“m”, “r”, “n”, “g” Konsonan akhir	D D T T T	kudu arûmdapta taehakkyo ch’upta kot
ㅁ	미음   miûm	Di awal kata Konsonan akhir	M M	mun kimch’i
ㅂ	비읍   biûp	Di antara vokal Sesudah konsonan“m”, “r”, “n”, “g” Di awal kata Sesudah konsonan selain“m”, “r”, “n”, “g” Konsonan akhir	B B P P P	abôji hanbok pang ttokparo ahop
ㄹ	리을   riûl	Di antara vokal Di awal kata Sebelum konsonan “h” Konsonan akhir	R R R L	sarang radio orhae ch’ilp’an
ㅅ	시옷   siot	Di antara vokal Di awal kata Sesudah konsonan Sebelum vokal “i” Konsonan akhir	S S S Sh T	hoesawôn sajin ch’aeksang shinmun muôt
ㅈ	지읒   jiût	Di antara vokal Sesudah konsonan“m”, “r”, “n”, “g” Di awal kata Sesudah konsonan selain“m”, “r”, “n”, “g” Sebagai konsonan akhir	J J Ch Ch T	moja p’yonji chip maekchu nat
ㅇ	이응   iûng	Sebelum vokal (membunyikan vokal) Konsonan akhir	(tidak dibaca) Ng	ye suyôngjang
ㅊ	치읓   ch’iût	Di awal kata Di antara vokal Sesudah konsonan Konsonan akhir	Ch’ Ch’ Ch’ T	ch’ingu ach’im chadongch’a kkot
ㅋ	키읕   k’iût	Di awal kata Di antara vokal Sesudah konsonan Konsonan akhir	K’ K’ K’ K	k’op’i aisûk’ûrim amk’ae puôk
ㅌ	티읕   t’iût	Di awal kata Di antara vokal Sesudah konsonan Konsonan akhir	T’ T’ T’ T	t’ellebijôn hot’el p’ôsent’û mit
ㅍ	피읖   p’iûp	Di awal kata Di antara vokal Sesudah konsonan Konsonan akhir	P’ P’ P’ P	p’al haendûp’on k’omp’yut’ô ap
ㅎ	히읗   hiût	Di awal kata Di antara vokal Sesudah konsonan Konsonan akhir (sebelum vokal) Konsonan akhir (sebelum konsonan)	H H H (tidak dibaca) ditambah ‘	hana ahop munhwa choahada chot’a

KONSONAN GANDA

huruf	nama	romanisasi	contoh kata
ㄲ	쌍기역   ssang giyôk	kk	kkum
ㄸ	쌍디귿   ssang digût	tt	ttattut’ada
ㅃ	쌍비읍   ssang biûp	pp	kippûda
ㅆ	쌍시읏   ssang siot	ss	ssûda
ㅉ	쌍지읒   ssang jiût	tch	tchada

KONSONAN AKHIR (huruf pada akhir kata atau suku kata)

huruf	romanisasi
ㄱ, ㅋ, ㄲ, ㄳ, ㄺ	K
ㄴ, ㄵ, ㄶ	N
ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅌ, ㅎ, ㅆ	T
ㄹ, ㄼ, ㄽ, ㄾ, ㅀ	L
ㅁ, ㄻ	M
ㅂ, ㅍ, ㅄ, ㄿ	P
ㅇ	Ng

Ada beberapa perubahan bunyi ketika 2 konsonan saling bertemu

Konsonan awal Konsonan akhir

ㄱ

ㄷ

ㅂ

ㅈ

ㄹ

ㄴ

ㅁ

ㅅ

ㅇ

ㅋ

ㅌ

ㅍ

ㅊ

ㅎ

ㄱ

k-k

k-t

k-p

k-ch

ng-n

ng-n

ng-m

k-s

g-

k-k’

k-t’

k-p’

k-ch’

k’-

ㄷ

t-k

t-t

t-p

t-ch

n-n

n-n

t-m

t-s

d-

t-k’

t-t’

t-p’

t-ch’

t’-

ㅂ

p-k

p-t

p-p

p-ch

m-n

m-n

m-m

p-s

n-

p-k’

p-p’

p-p’

p-ch’

p’-

ㅈ

t-k

t-t

t-p

t-ch

n-n

n-n

t-m

t-s

j-

t-k’

t-t’

t-p’

t-ch’

ch’-

ㄹ

l-g

l-d

l-b

l-j

l-l

l-l

l-m

l-s

r-

l-k’

l-t’

l-p’

l-ch’

r-h

ㄴ

n-g

n-d

n-b

n-j

l-l

n-n

n-m

n-s

n-

n-k’

n-t’

n-p’

n-ch’

n-h

ㅁ

m-g

m-d

m-b

m-j

m-n

m-n

m-m

m-s

m-

m-k’

m-t’

m-p’

m-ch’

m-h

ㅅ

t-k

t-t

t-p

t-ch

n-n

n-n

n-m

s-s

s-

t-k’

t-t’

t-p’

t-ch’

t’-

ㅇ

ng-g

ng-d

ng-b

ng-j

ng-n

ng-n

ng-m

ng-s

ng-

ng-k’

ng-t’

ng-p’

ng-ch’

ng-h

PENYUSUNAN HURUF

Biasanya Hangûl disusun dari 2 sampai 4 huruf tiap kosakatanya.

K	V	contoh	개	kae	anjing
K		contoh	소	so	sapi
V
K		contoh	물	mul	air
V
K
K	V	contoh	밥	pap	nasi
K
K	V	contoh	값	kap	harga
K	K
K		contoh	몫	mok	bagian
V
K	K

K= konsonan

V= vokal

Bagian yang gelap adalah konsonan akhir.

Lengkapnya Klik http://moshimoshi.netne.net/materi/koreanese.htm

Kumpulan kalimat bahasa jepang

Hari ini saya sedang sakit. Salah makan (shoku atari, 食あたり). Oleh karena itu, berikut beberapa kalimat sederhana dalam bahasa Jepang yang bisa dipakai saat sedang sakit.
Saya sedang nggak enak badan.
具合が悪いのです。
Guai ga warui no desu.
Saya luka.
ケガをしました。
Kega o shimashita.
Tolong panggilkan ambulans.
救急車を呼んでください。
Kyuukyuusha o yonde kudasai.
Tolong bawa saya ke rumah sakit terdekat.
一番近い病院に連れていってください。
Ichiban chikai byouin ni tsurete itte kudasai.
Di dekat sini ada klinik dokter gigi nggak ya?
近くに歯科はありますか。
Chikaku ni shika wa arimasu ka?
Apakah perlu perjanjian dulu untuk diperiksa?
診療に予約は必要ですか。
Shinryou ni yoyakku wa hitsuyou desu ka?
Pusing.
めまいがします。
Memai ga shimasu.
Suami saya pingsan.
夫が倒れて、意識がありません。
Otto ga taorete, ishiki ga arimasen.
Sakit di bagian sini.
ここが痛みます。
Koko ga itamimasu.
ここが痛いです。
Koko ga itai desu.
Serasa mual, mau muntah.
吐き気がします。
Hakike ga shimasu.
Badan terasa lesu.
体がだるいです。
Karada ga darui desu.
Saya kena anemia/tekanan darah rendah.
貧血を起こしました。
Hinketsu o okoshimashita.
Saya sesak napas.
息が苦しいです。
Iki ga kurushii desu.
Saya sakit kepala.
頭痛がします。
Zutsuu ga shimasu.
頭が痛いです。
Atama ga itai desu.
Saya migren.
偏頭痛があります。
Henzutsuu ga arimasu.
Saya menggigil.
寒気がします。
Samuke ga shimasu.

Saya agak demam.
熱っぽいのです。
Netsuppoi no desu.
Saya pilek.
風邪を引きました。
Kaze o hikimashita.
Saya batuk parah.
ひどく咳き込みます。
Hidoku sekikomimasu.
Saya sembelit.
便秘です。
Benpi desu.
Saya mencret.
下痢です。
Geri desu.
Tenggorokan saya sakit.
のどが痛いです。
Nodo ga itai desu.
Ingusnya nggak berhenti-berhenti.
鼻水が止まりません。
Hanamizu ga tomarimasen.
Telinga saya berdenging.
耳鳴りがします。
Miminari ga shimasu.
Kaki saya keseleo.
足首を捻挫しました。
Ashikubi o nenza shimashita.
Tangan saya patah.
腕の骨を折りました。
Ude no hone o orimashita.
Gigi geraham bungsu saya sakit.
親知らずが痛みます。
Oyashirazu ga itamimasu.
Minta obat pilek.
風邪薬をください。
Kazegusuri o kudasai.
Minta obat diare.
下痢止めの薬をください。
Geridome no kusuri o kudasai.
Apakah bisa beli tanpa resep dokter?
処方箋なしで買えますか。
Shohousen nashi de kaemasu ka?
Apakah ada efek sampingnya?
副作用はありますか。
Fukusayou wa arimasu ka?
Terakhir, ada ucapan salam yang selalu diucapkan kepada orang sakit, yaitu:
“Odaiji ni” (お大事に)
atau lebih sopan,
“Odaiji ni shite kudasai.” (お大事にしてください。),
atau lebih sopan lagi,
“Odaiji ni nasatte kudasai.” (お大事になさってください。)
yang artinya, “Jagalah diri Anda baik-baik”.


Istilah dalam bahasa jepang ttg gakkou :

1. Ujian : shiken / 試験
2. Jadwal (jam pelajaran) : jikanwari / 時間割
3. Sejarah : rekishi / 歴史
4. Biologi : seibutsu / 生物
5. Lingkup pelajaran yang keluar di ujian : shiken han’i / 試験範囲
6. Menyontek : kannin’gu suru / カンニングする
7. Ruang kepala sekolah : kouchoushitsu / 校長室
8. Lembar soal : mondai youshi / 問題用紙
9. Lembar jawaban : kaitou youshi / 解答用紙　atau touan youshi / 答案用紙
10. Tes dadakan : nukiuchi tesuto / 抜き打ちテスト
11. Ujian perbaikan : tsuishi / 追試　⇒ ikut ujian perbaikan : tsuishi o ukeru / 追試を受ける
12. Laporan : repo-to /　レポート　⇒ menulis laporan : repo-to o kaku / レポートを書く
13. Soal pilihan ganda : sentaku mondai / 選択問題
14. Skors : teigaku /　停学
15. Nilai sempurna : manten / 満点
16. Hapalan : anki / 暗記
17. Ruang perpustakaan : toshoshitsu / 図書室
18. Aula olahraga : tai’ikukan / 体育館
19. Membolos : saboru / サボる
20. Sedang ada pelajaran : jugyouchuu / 授業中
21. Semester～ :　～ gakki / ～学期　⇒ semester baru : shin’gakki / 新学期 , semester ke-1 ： ichi gakki / １学期
22. Pekerjaan rumah : shukudai / 宿題
23. Papan tulis : kokuban / 黒板
24. Belajar sebelum pelajaran : yoshuu suru / 予習する
25. Belajar untuk mengulang pelajaran : fukushuu suru / 復習する

Kalau di drama Jepang… dialog ungkapan cintanya kira-kira seperti apa ya… Coba pikir dulu.

Misalnya…

Pria: Sudah berapa lama pacaran dengan cowok kamu?
Kareshi to wa dore kurai tsukiatte ru no?
彼氏とはどれくらい付き合ってるの？
Wanita : Sejak mulai pacaran… sebentar lagi jadi setahun.
Tsukiatte mou sugu ichi nen ni naru wa.
付き合ってもうすぐ一年になるわ。
Pria: Oh, serius dong ya?
Hee, jaa kanari shinken nan da.
へー、じゃあかなり真剣なんだ。
Wanita : Begitulah.
Sou ne.
そうね。

Atau mungkin kalimat-kalimat pendek begini…

Cakep.
Kawaii.
かわいい。
Ini cinta pada pandangan pertama.
Hitomebore datta no yo.
一目惚れだったのよ。
Pada saat aku melihatnya, aku tahu dialah laki-laki untukku.
Kare o mita shunkan ni, kono hito da tte wakatta no.
彼を見た瞬間に、この人だってわかったの。
Aneh ya. Kalau aku bersamamu, aku merasa damai. Seolah-olah kita sudah lama saling mengenal.
Okashii yo ne. Anata no soba ni iru to, tottemo ochitsuku no. Maru de zutto mae kara no shiriai mitai ni.
おかしいよね。あなたのそばにいると、とっても落ち着くの。まるでずっと前からの知り合いみたいに。
Aku kira aku tak akan pernah jatuh cinta. Belum pernah aku merasa seperti ini.
Koi ni ochiru nante koto wa arienai to omotte ta. Konna kimochi ni natta koto wa nai.
恋に落ちるなんてことはありえないと思ってた。こんな気持ちになったことはない。
Aku tergila-gila padanya. (Diucapkan pria).
Kanojo ni kubittake nan da.
彼女に首ったけなんだ。
Kamu senantiasa tersenyum mempesona ya.
Kimi tte itsu made mo suteki na egao o shite ru ne.
君っていつまでも素敵な笑顔をしているね。
Orang yang bisa melihat senyum itu setiap hari pasti laki-laki paling bahagia di dunia.
Mainichi sono egao ga mirareru hito wa zettai ni kono yo de ichiban shiawase na otoko da yo.
毎日その笑顔が見られる人は絶対にこの世で一番幸せな男だよ。
Aku jadi deg-degan nih.
Doki doki shichatta yo.
ドキドキしちゃったよ。
Dia? Kalau soal dia, aku sudah putusin. (Diucapkan wanita).
Kare? Kare no koto wa futta wa.
彼? 彼のことは振ったわ。
Habis dia laki-laki payah sih.
Datte, dame otoko dattan da mon.
だって、だめ男だったんだもん。
Aku tidak mau semua ini berakhir sebagai cinta tak terbalas.
Kore o kata’omoi de owarasetakunai.
これを片思いで終わらせたくない。
Aku suka padamu.
Suki da.
好きだ。
Aku sangat suka padamu.
Daisuki da.
大好きだ。
Jadilah pacarku.
Tsukiatte kudasai.
つきあってください。
Aku cinta padamu.
Ai shite iru.
愛している。
Aku berjanji akan membahagiakanmu!
Zettai ni shiawase ni suru kara!
絶対に幸せにするから！
Sudah punya cowok?
Kareshi ga iru no?
彼氏がいるの？
Sudah punya cewek?
Kanojo ga iru no?
彼女がいるの？
Sudah pacaran dengan seseorang?
Dare ka to tsukiatte ru no?
だれかと付き合ってるの？

Atau mungkin kalau menolak orang…

Maaf. Ada orang lain yang kusukai…
Gomen nasai. Suki na hito ga iru no de…
ごめんなさい。好きな人がいるので。。。
Kamu bukan tipe kesukaanku. (Jahat banget nolak begini 　^_^…)
Taipu janain desu.
タイプじゃないんです。

Atau mungkin kalau mau minta putus…

Ayo kita putus saja!
Mou wakaremashou!
もう別れましょう。
Hubungan kita jadi monoton ya.
Manneri ni natte kite ru ne.
マンネリになってきてるね。
Maaf. Ada orang lain yang kusukai. Berpisahlah denganku.
Gomen nasai. Suki na hito ga dekita no. Wakarete kudasai.
ごめんなさい。好きな人ができたの。別れてください。
Aku sudah muak padamu!
Kimi ni wa unzari da yo!
君にはうんざりだよ。
Aku tidak akan pernah memaafkanmu!
Anata no koto o kesshite yurusanai! あなたのことを決して許さない！
Terima kasih untuk segalanya.
Ima made arigatou.
今までありがとう。
Aku tidak akan melupakanmu.
Anata no koto, wasurenai.
あなたのこと、忘れない。
Selamat tinggal.
Sayounara.
さようなら。

Lgkapnya klik http://andinirizky.com/

KEGIATAN SEHARI-HARI

Kegiatan sehari-hari yang biasa kita lakukan antara lain: bangun => makan => pergi=> nonton => tidur.

A. BANGUN (OKIMASU)

      Untuk menyatakan waktu kegiatan bangun pagi, digunakan pola:

(orang) wa (jam) ni okimasu.

      “ni” adalah kata bantu yang menyatakan keterangan waktu.

              Anata wa nanji ni okimasuka?                                               Kamu tidur jam berapa?

              => Watashi wa goji ni okimasu.                                             Saya tidur jam 5.

B. MAKAN (TABEMASU) & MINUM (NOMIMASU)

      Untuk menyatakan makanan atau minuman yang kita makan atau minum digunakan pola:

(orang) wa (makanan/minuman) o tabemasu/nomimasu.

              Anata wa nani o tabemasuka?                                               Kamu makan apa?

              => Watashi wa gohan o tabemasu.                                        Saya makan nasi.

              Anata wa nani o nomimasuka?                                              Kamu minum apa?

              => Watashi wa mizu o nomimasu.                                          Saya minum air putih.

TABEMONO     MAKANAN			NOMIMONO      MINUMAN
gohan	nasi		mizu	air putih
pan	roti		koucha	teh
niku	daging		miruku	susu
kudamono	buah		koohii	kopi

C. PERGI (IKIMASU) & PULANG (KAERIMASU)

      Untuk menyatakan kegiatan berpindah ke suatu tempat digunakan pola:

1.	(orang) wa (tempat) e ikimasu/kaerimasu.

          “e” adalah kata bantu yang menyatakan tempat tujuan. Artinya “ke”.

              Watashi wa gakkou e ikimasu.                                               Saya pergi ke sekolah.

              Eka-san wa uchi e kaerimasu.                                                Eka pulang ke rumah.

              Doko e ikimasuka?                                                                 Kamu pergi ke mana?

              => Eni-san no uchi e ikimasu.                                                Saya pergi ke rumahnya Eni.

2.	(orang) wa (jam) ni (tempat) e ikimasu/kaerimasu.

              Anata wa nanji ni uchi e kaerimasuka?                                 Jam berapa kamu pulang ke rumah?

              => Watashi wa ichijihan ni uchi e kaerimasu.                        Saya pulang ke rumah jam 1.30

3.	(orang) wa (alat) de (tempat) e ikimasu/kaerimasu.

              “de” adalah kata bantu yang menyatakan keterangan alat. Artinya “dengan”.

              Watashi wa basu de gakkou e ikimasu.                                  Saya perge ke sekolah dengan bis.

              Anata wa nan de uchi e kaerimasuka?                                 Kamu pulang ke rumah dengan apa?

              => Watashi wa jitensha de uchi e kaerimasu.                        Saya pulang ke rumah dengan sepeda.

              => Watashi wa aruite uchi e kaerimasu.                                Saya pulang ke rumah jalan kaki.

KENDARAAN			CARA
jitensha	sepeda		aruite	dengan jalan kaki
kuruma	mobil			(tidak diikuti “de”)
baiku	sepeda motor
basu	bis

D. MENONTON (MIMASU) & MENDENGARKAN (KIKIMASU)

      Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang kita tonton atau kita dengarkan digunakan pola:

(orang) wa (obyek) o mimasu/kikimasu.

              Anata wa nani o mimasuka?                                                  Kamu menonton apa?

              => Watashi wa terebi o mimasu.                                            Saya menonton TV.

              Anata wa nani o kikimasuka?                                                Kamu mendengarkan apa?

              Watashi wa rajio o kikimasu.                                                 Saya mendengarkan radio.

E. TIDUR (NEMASU)

      Untuk menyatakan waktu tidur digunakan pola:

(orang) wa (jam) ni nemasu.

              Anata wa nanji ni nemasuka?                                                Kamu tidur jam berapa?

              => Watashi wa juuji ni nemasu.                                             Saya tidur jam 10.

F. KEBIASAAN

      Kata kerja yang diakhiri dengan ~masu adalah kata kerja yang menandakan bentuk present atau kebiasaan. Untuk menyatakan kebiasaan yang dilakukan seseorang pada suatu waktu digunakan pola:

(waktu umum),  (kegiatan)

              Asa, nani o shimasuka?                                                          Pagi hari melakukan apa?

              => Asa, gakkou e ikimasu.                                                     Pagi hari pergi ke sekolah.

              Yoru, nani o shimasuka?                                                         Malam hari melakukan apa?

              => Yoru, terebi o mimasu.                                                      Malam hari menonton TV

WAKTU
asa	pagi
hiru	siang
yoru	malam

Lengkapnya klik http://moshimoshi.netne.net/

Isi Pelajaran (Benkyou) :

Kata kerja sedang berlangsung (-te imasu)

Kosakata:
tegami = surat
basu = bis
mado = jendela
sanpo suru = jalan-jalan
ryokou = perjalanan
denwa wo kakeru = menelpon
furansugo = bahasa perancis
niwa = halaman
nyuusu = berita
shitsumei suru = menerangkan
shukudai = pekerjaan rumah

A.
1. Watashi wa tegammi wo kaite imasu = Saya sedang menulis surat
2. Hamada san wa shinbun wo yonde imasu = Hamada sedang membaca surat kabar
3. Seito tachi wa asonde imasu = Murid-murid sedang bermain
4. Watashi wa Ali san to shitteimasu = Saya kenal kepada Ali
5. Watashi no tokei wa go fun susunde imasu = Arloji saya maju 5 menit

B.
1. Anata wa nani wo mite imasu ka? = Anda sedang melihat apa?
2. Kuruda san wa kimono wo kite imasu = Kuruda sedang mengenakan kimono
3. Sensei wa kyoushitsu no mae ni hanashite imasu = Guru sedang berbicara di ruang kelas
4. Dare ga kite imasu ka? = siapa yang sedang datang
5. Ahmad san wa basu wo orite imasu = Ahmad sedang turun dari bis

C.
1. Yamada san wa nani wo tabete imasu ka? = Yamada sedang makan apa?
2. Ali san wa mado wo akete imasu = Ali sedang membuka jendela
3. Dare ga kuruma wo tomete imasu ka? = Siapa yang sedang menghentikan mobil
4. Ali san wa nan ji ni uchi wo dete imasu ka? = Jam berapa Ali sedang keluar rumah
5. Ahmad san wa mado wo shimete imasu = Ahmad sedang menutup jendela

D.
1. Anata wa nani wo shite imasu ka? = Anda sedang mengerjakan apa?
2. Ano onna no ko wa sentaku shite imasu = Anak perempuan itu sedang mencuci
3. Seito tachi wa nihongo wo benkyou shite imasu = murid-murid sedang belajar bahasa Jepang
4. Kodomo tachi wa sanpo shite imasu = Anak-anak sedang jalan-jalan
5. Ahmad san wa ryokou shite imasu = Ahmad sedang bepergian

PENJELASAN
I. Kata kerja dalam bentuk "b2+ te imasu" menyatakan bahwa perbuatan itu SEDANG BERLANGSUNG.
Kata kerja b2+ te imasu untuk kata kerja yang berakhir dengan iru, eru, dan suru tidak mengalami perubahan suara
Misalnya :
Miru --> mite
Taberu --> tabete
Suru --> shite

II. Kata kerja yang berakhir dengan -U mengalami perubahan suara. Perubahan suara itu sama dengan perubahan suara yang terdapat pada kata kerja b2 + ta hanya huruf a diganti dengan huruf e.
Misalnya :
Kaku --> kaita --> kaite
asobu --> asonda --> asonde

III. Ada beberapa kata kerja dalam bahasa Jepang yang pemakaiannya harus selalu mempergunakan kata kerja BENTUK SEDANG (b2+ te imasu).
Kata kerja itu antara lain :
Susunde imasu = cepat/maju (untuk jam)
Shitte imasu = kenal
Sunde imasu = bertempat tinggal
Futotte imasu = gemuk
yasete imasu = kurus

Contoh:
1. Watashi no tokei wa go fun susunde imasu = Arloji saya maju 5 menit
2. Watashi wa Ali san to shitteimasu = Saya kenal kepada Ali
3. Ali san wa yasete imasu = Ali kurus
4. Ali san wa futotte imasu = Ali gemuk
5. Kono tokei wa atte imasu = jam ini cocok

Bila kalimat tersebut di atas diingkarkan menjadi :
1. Watashi no tokei wa go fun susunde imasen (susumimasen : SALAH)
2. Watashi wa Ali san to shirimasen (shitte imasen : SALAH)
3. Ali san wa yasete imasen (yasemasen : SALAH)
4. Ali san wa futotte imasen (futoimasen : SALAH)
5. Kono tokei wa atte imasu (aimasen : SALAH)

LATIHAN :
A. Terjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia :
1. Sensei wa nani wo yonde imasu ka?
2. Ahmad san wa okashi wo tabete imasu
3. Sensei wa kokuban ni ji wo kaite imasu
4. Dare ga nai te imasu ka?
5. Seito tachi wa utatte imasu
6. Imouto wa denwa wo kakete imasu
7. Dare ga anata no uchi no mae ni tatte imasu ka?
8. Chichi wa uchi wo dete imasu
9. Kodomo tachi wa terebi wo mite imasu
10. Jouchuu wa kimono wo sentaku shite imasu

B. Terjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Jepang :
1. Siapakah yang sedang membaca surat kabar?
2. Teman saya sedang belajar bahasa Perancis
3. Ia sedang bekerja di kebun
4. Kamu sendang memikirkan apa?
5. Arloji ini tidak cocok dengan arloji saya
6. Saya tidak kenal dengan teman Anda
7. Kamu sedang mendengarkan apa?
8. Ahmad sedang mendengarkan berita
9. Guru sedang menerangkan di kelas
10. Adik saya sedang mengerjakan pekerjaan rumah 





Lengkapnya Klik http://www.learnjapanese.web.id/

masu form affirmative tabemasu masu form negative tabemasen masu past affirmative tabemashita masu past negative tabemasendeshita

root form taberu nai form tabenai ta form tabeta nakatta form tabenakatta

te form tabete conditional (ba form) tabereba potential taberareru imperative tabero volitional tabeyoo passive taberareru causative tabesaseru causative passive 1 tabesaserareru causative passive 2 -

Beginner 1 - Basic Structure

[ subject ]

wa

[ something ]

o

tabemasu

1.

Watashi wa ban-gohan o tabemasu.

I (will) eat dinner.

2.

Watashi wa niku o tabemasen.

I don't eat meat.

3.

Watashi wa kinoo Karee o tabemashita.

I ate curry yesterday.

4.

Watashi wa kinoo Ginza de Furansu ryoori o tabemashita.

I ate French food at Ginza yesterday.

5.

Watashi wa kesa asa-gohan o tabemasendeshita.

I didn't eat breakfast this morning.

Beginner 2 - Functional Patterns

6.

Watashi wa konban sakana o tabe-tai desu.

I want to eat fish tonight.

7.

Susan-san wa Sukiyaki o tabeta koto ga arimasu.

Susan has eaten Sukiyaki before.

8.

Smith-san wa Sashimi o taberaremasen.

Smith cannot eat Sashimi.

9.

Yasai o takusan tabeta hoo ga ii desu.

You should eat a lot of vegetables.

Beginner 3 - Casual Speech

	10.	A	:	Keeki, taberu?
		B	:	Uun, tabenai.

A	:	Would you like some cake? (lit. Are you going to eat some cake?)
B	:	No. I won't. (lit. I don't eat.)

	11.	A	:	Moo hiru-gohan o tabeta?
		B	:	Un. Moo tabeta.

A	:	Have you had lunch, yet? (lit. Did you already eat lunch?)
B	:	Yes, I have. (lit. I already ate.)

  Lengkapnya klik http://www.coscom.co.jp/

Arigatou gozaimasu...

Just Little

[OBAASAN] だいじょうぶ です か？

daijoubu desu ka?

[FRANK]

いいえ、だいじょうぶ じゃ ない。

iie, daijoubu ja nai

<Frank forgot her name>

なまえ は なん です か？

namae wa nan desu ka?

[OBAASAN]

わたし の なまえ は おばあさん

です。

watashi no namae wa obaasan desu.

あなた は フランクさん です ね。

anata wa furanku san desu ne.

[FRANK]

はい。 わたし は フランク です。

hai. watashi wa furanku desu.

[OBAASAN] なにか のみます か？

nanika nomimasu ka?

[FRANK]

はい。 のみます。

hai. nomimasu.

[OBAASAN]

<Obaasan gives him a drink>

はい、どうぞ。

hai, douzo.

[FRANK]

なん です か？

nan desu ka? 

[OBAASAN] カルピス です。

karupisu desu. [spelled in katakana]

[FRANK]

カルピス は なん です か？

karupis wa nan desu ka?

[OBAASAN] カルピス は のみもの です。

karupisu wa nomimono desu.

[FRANK]

そうか。

souka

Obaasan - Are you alright?
Frank - No, I am not fine. What's your name?
Obaasan - My name is "obaasan." You are Mr. Frank, aren't you?
Frank - Yes, I am Frank
Obaasan - Will you drink something?
Frank - Yes, I will drink
Obaasan - Here you are.
Frank - What's this?
Obaasan - It's Calpis.
Frank - What is Calpis?
Obaasan - Calpis is a drink.
Frank - Ah!

  

Japanese Adjectives Lesson

Split the Difference

Japanese adjectives are easy, because basically, they work exactly the same as English adjectives--you stick them in front of the word you want them to modify.
At this point, the trickiest thing to learn about adjectives in Japanese is that there are two different types of them: "na" adjectives and "i" adjectives (that's "i" as in "eee", not like the letter I, by the way). Let's pick a couple of each to play with:

i Adjectives	na adjectives
ii (good)	hen (weird)
karai (spicy)	shizuka (quiet)

"Hen" is a word fans of Urusei Yatsura are probably familiar with, meaning "strange" or "weird".
The first thing you'll notice is that the i-adjectives all end in "i". Guess why they're called i-adjectives. The na-adjectives don't, however, end in "na"... yet. Check out these example sentences:

"Kore wa ii desu." ("This is good.")
"Kore wa ii katana desu." ("This is a good sword.")

"Kore wa hen desu." ("This is weird.")
"Kore wa hen na katana desu." ("This is a weird sword.")

Now it should make some sense. In the case of i-adjectives, they work exactly like adjectives in English--you can either plunk them right in the middle of a statement to describe something, or put them right before a noun to modify it.
Na-adjectives are just a wee bit trickier, in that when you want to modify a noun with them--but only then--you need to put a "na" between the adjective and the noun. Simple? I thought so.

What About Kono?

If you've been paying attention, you might remember the first set of adjectives from way back in Lesson 2, Part 3: "kono", "sono", "ano", and "dono". And you might also be assuming that they're na-adjectives, since none of them end in "i". Tragically, it's not quite that simple--that particular set of words is sort of a special case.
Thing is, they can't really be the object of a sentence--they can only be used to modify nouns. So really, they're more like mutant half-breed adjectives that only work in one particular situation, which is when they're stuck directly before a noun to identify it as "this whatever" instead of just any old whatever. Bottom line is, they're not either type, and you can't do a whole lot with them.
They can be combined with other adjectives to do all kinds of fun stuff, though. When you do that, the kono-type word always comes first.

"Kono karee wa karai desu." ("This curry is spicy.")
"Kono karai karee wa oishii desu." ("This spicy curry is tasty.")
"Sono karai karee wa abunai desu." ("That spicy curry is dangerous.")

See how you can stick "kono" and "karai" together with "karee" ("curry") to make the double-modifier "kono karai karee" ("this spicy curry"), just like in English? Piece of cake.
"Oishii" is a very common i-adjective meaning "tasty" or "delicious" (it's not terribly specific as to the level of mouth happiness). "Abunai", as many an anime fan knows, means "dangerous". It's an i-adjective, and a handy one, particularly when fighting giant robots or genetically engineered bees or things of that sort.
Random notes: Though the Japanese eat all sorts of curry, Japanese curry is light colored, mild in flavor (certainly not the tongue-scorchers popular in India or Thailand), and a popular home cookin' dish, especially among children. "Abunai!" can be yelled by itself (and frequently is) to mean something along the lines of "Look out!", although technically that's a shortened version of the sentence "Abunai desu!" meaning "It is dangerous!".

Is It?

Asking questions is way-easy--just like with everything else in Japanese, add a "ka" to a statement, and BINGO!, you've got a question.

"Kore wa karai desu." ("This is spicy.")
"Kore wa karai desu ka?" ("Is this spicy?")

No problem, right? Here's an example exchange:

Ryuu: "Kono karee wa karai desu ka?" ("Is this curry spicy?")
Mirai: "Hai. Karai desu." ("Yes. It's spicy.")
Ryuu: "Soo desu ka? Oishii desu ka?" ("Is that so? Is it good?")
Mirai: "Oishii desu yo!" ("It's tasty!")
Ryuu: "Karai desu ne. Karai. Karai! Kuchi no naka ga moeteru yo!" ("It is spicy, isn't it. Spicy. Spicy! My mouth is on fire!")

Other than that Mirai, like Lum, apparently has a high tolerance for spicy foods, what have we learned from this exchange? You can see that after the first sentence "Sono karee" gets left off because the subject is obvious.

More Vocabulary

Here's a table of more useful adjectives with their English meanings in parentheses:

i Adjectives	na adjectives
akai (red)	kirei (pretty)
aoi (blue)	burei (rude)
urusai (noisy)	iya (unpleasant)
hayai (fast)
atarashii (new)
yasui (cheap)
ookii (big)

First off, you probably noticed that two of the adjectives in the na column end in "i". This is not a mistake--just because an adjective ends in "i" doesn't necessarily make it an i-adjective, so you've got to be a bit careful.
There are several useful words in there; "kirei" is very common and falls somewhere between "pretty" and "beautiful". "Burei" is most commonly heard in anime as an insult from royalty or other high-and-mighty folks expecting politeness. "Urusai" "iya" and are two particularly useful adjectives:
"Urusai" literally means "noisy". It is frequently used to imply, in a not particularly polite way, that you should make the source of the noise stop--basically "Be quiet." The blunt "Urusai!" is most common, meaning "Shut up!"
"Iya" is tremendously useful word with no good English equivalent. You'll frequently hear the sentence "Iya desu." (or the blunt form "Iya da."), which literally means "it is distasteful". However, in Japanese, the feel is much more like "I don't want to." or "I don't like that." or just "Gross!". If you want to be really blunt, you can just go with "Iya." which covers everything from "No." (as in, "I refuse because I find it unpleasant.") to "Eew!" That version is frequently screamed in anime by women about to be assaulted by something particularly repulsive.

If Only It Were That Simple

Remember back when I said Japanese adjectives were really simple? I was actually lying. The problem is, Japanese adjectives get conjugated--that means that, like making a verb past tense, you change the adjective some depending on the context of the sentence. It'd just be confusing to go into much detail at this point, but I'll go ahead and give one quick and useful example of how to make an i-adjective negative.
To make an i-adjective negative (and, therefore, the whole sentence negative), chop off the "i" at the end and replace it with a "kunai". Examples:

"Kore wa oishii desu." ("This is tasty.")
"Kore wa oishikunai desu." ("This is not tasty.")

There, that wasn't so painful, was it? We'll leave it at that for now.

Putting It All Together

Basic Adjective Patterns:

"[Something] wa [adjective] desu." ("[Something] is [adjective].")
"Kore wa [i-adjective] [something] desu." ("This is a [adjective] [something].")
"Kore wa [na-adjective] na [something] desu." ("This is a [adjective] [something].")

Combining kono/sono/ano/dono and an adjective:

"Kono [i-adjective] [something] wa [something] desu." ("This [adjective] [something] is [something].")
"Sono [na-adjective] na [something] wa [something] desu." ("That [adjective] [something] is [something].")
"Dono [i-adjective] [something] desu ka?" ("Which [adjective] [something]?")

Making an i-adjective negative:

[base]i = Positive
[base]kunai = Negative

Example time:

"Kono aoi uchuusen wa watashi no desu."

Remember that "uchuusen" means "space ship". Can you figure the whole thing out without peeking? "This blue space ship is mine." Another one:

"Anata no atarashii kuruma wa kakkoii desu."

Again, "kuruma" is "car", and "kakkoii" is a handy adjective meaning "cool/good looking/impressive" -- cool is probably the closest English equivalent, since "kakkoii" is a heavily used word and covers a lot of ground in Japanese (you'll hear it all the time in anime if you listen). So, if you put it together, the sentence means "Your new car is cool."
This sentence also illustrates that if you combine "anata no" (or another possessive) and an adjective, the adjective always comes last. A final example sentence

"Omae wa hen na yatsu da."

This is a less polite sentence: "omae" is an impolite version of "you"; "yatsu" is a fairly crude word for person, roughly equivalent to saying "guy" or "dude" (though it technically applies to both males and females); "da", as you've seen used a few times already, is the blunt form of "desu", which is very common in informal Japanese. So, the sentence as a whole means "You're a weird dude."

More Examples

Here's today's set of examples, mostly involving food:

1. "Watashi wa kirei desu." ("I am pretty.")
2. "Watashi wa karai desu." ("I am spicy.")
3. "Watashi wa karai karee desu." ("I am spicy curry.")
4. "Oishii karee wa karai desu." ("Good curry is spicy.")
5. "Kore wa oishii yo!" ("This is tasty!")
6. "Hen na yatsu." ("Weird guy.")
7. "Anata wa kirei desu." ("You are pretty.")
8. "Anata wa kirei na hito desu." ("You are a beautiful person.")
9. "Ii yo!" ("That's fine!")

The first three sentences, though weird, are all pretty straightforward. The fourth involves a two adjectives--one modifying the subject directly, and one describing it--pretty much the same as in English. Note that in this case it's more natural to say "good curry" in English rather than "tasty curry", but "oishii" is much more natural in Japanese than "ii" (basically, "ii" really means "good", as in the good guys, not "good [tasting]" or something like that).
Sentence 5 demonstrates an informal way of using adjectives--the full, polite sentence would be "Kore wa oishii desu yo!", but cutting the "desu" out is an easy way to make it casual.
Sentence number 6 is again rather blunt, in this case omitting both the subject and the verb. Similar to English, this isn't common outside of offhanded remarks.
Seven and eight are similar ways to say the same thing, since "hito" just means "person". In English it's natural to use "pretty" in one case and "beautiful" in the other, but although there is a stronger word for beautiful in Japanese ("utsukushii"), "kirei" works fine in both these cases.
Finally, number 9 is another informal sentence, and a very common one. Though it literally means "It's good." or "That's good.", it's a friendly way of agreeing that covers all sorts of ground in Japanese. Equivalent phrases in English, depending on the situation, would be "That's fine.", "Ok.", "No problem.", and "Sure."

Japanese Questions and Answers

Asking Questions

Let's get right to the point and check out the basic way to ask a question in Japanese. Compare these two sentences:

"Kore wa juu desu." ("This is a gun")
"Kore wa juu desu ka?" ("Is this a gun?")

Notice the little "ka" at the end of the second one. That's a new particle, and it marks any sentence as a question. That's right, all you have to do to turn any sentence into a question is add "ka" to the end. Is that easy or what? Better yet, as I mentioned in lesson one, questions sound the same in Japanese as English--your voice goes up at the end of the sentence.
Although there are ways to ask questions with more complicated answers (which we'll get to), and all of them are marked as questions by sticking a good ol' "ka" on the end, simple yes or no questions are so easy to make it's not even funny. As in the example above, just take any statement and stick "ka" on the end. Bingo! Question city! A couple more examples using statement patterns from previous lessons:

"Kore wa uchuusen desu ka?" ("Is this a spaceship?")
"Sore wa boku no tamashi desu ka?" ("Is that my soul?")
"Anata wa Oni desu ka?" ("Are you an Ogre?")
"Tiima wa ningen desu ka?" ("Is Tima human?")

Again, in every one of those cases, the only difference between the statement and question is the "ka" on the end. Note that, as we studied in this kind of sentence before, the subject and noun in the middle can be just about anything and the form doesn't change, even though the English sentence might use "a" "an" or "the".

Yes and No

Ok, now for some answers. You probably already know how to say "yes" in Japanese ("hai"), and maybe even "no" ("iie"), but let's do a couple of full-sentence examples. Remember, by the way, that even though "iie" is spelled funny, it's pronounced with a long "eee" sound, and a short, clipped "eh" at the end: "ee-eh". Lotta vowels in there.
These conversations involve Mirai and Ryuu, whom you'll be seeing more of in future examples. Mirai and Ryuu are making hot dogs:

Mirai: "Kore wa masutaado desu ka?" ("Is this mustard?")
Ryuu: "Hai. Masutaado desu." ("Yes. It's mustard.")
Ryuu: "Sore wa kechappu desu ka?" ("Is that ketchup?")
Mirai: "Iie, kore wa chi desu. Atashi no chi desu." ("No, this is blood. My blood.")
Ryuu: "Daijoubu?!" ("Are you OK?!")
Mirai: "Un! Daijoubu!" ("Yep! I'm fine!")

It would be possible to just answer "Hai" or "Iie" in all three cases, but that would be a little blunt. In the first example, you can see that it's not necessary to repeat the subject when you answer, since it's clear what you're talking about.
In the second exchange, Mirai fell victim to a freak hot dog preparation accident and has something red on her shirt. The subject is repeated in the answer to show the difference between "kore" and "sore"; Ryuu used "sore" because he's talking about something on Mirai; Mirai used "kore" when she answered, since it was on her. In the second answer sentence there is no subject, though, and the subject could have been left off of both. (If you're wondering how to say "It's not ketchup.", you'll have to wait till lesson 4 for negatives.)
In the third section, Ryuu is making sure Mirai isn't bleeding to death. He uses "daijoubu", a very useful word meaning roughly "alright" or "OK". This illustrates the simplest and most abrupt (not polite, though) way to ask a question: leave off the subject and verb, and just blurt the important word in a way that sounds like a question. The answer, similarly, omits the subject and verb, which is informal but OK in the case of "daijoubu". "Un" (sounds like a short "ooh-n") is an informal "yes", similar to the English "yep" or "uh-huh".
Here's a more polite version of that last section, using complete sentences.

Polite Person 1: "Daijoubu desu ka?" ("Are you alright?")
Polite Person 2: "Hai. Daijoubu desu!" ("Yes. I'm fine!")

Since "Daijoubu desu." alone means "I'm OK.", adding "ka" of course makes it into a question. By the way, it's worth noting that Japanese people usually match the politeness level of an answer to the question, so "Daijoubu!" would be a more natural answer in the first case, and "Daijoubu desu." is more natural in the second.

What?

So now that we can turn any statement into a question, you're probably just itching to learn some questions that don't have a yes or no answer. We'll get into some good ones soon, but since we'll have the most fun if we learn some adjectives first (which will happen in the next section), let's stick to noun answers for the moment.
You already know how to say "Kore wa [fill in blank] desu.", and "Kore wa [fill in blank] desu ka?", so let's ask what something is:

"Kore wa nan desu ka?" ("What is this?")

It's doesn't take a huge amount of mental effort to figure out that "nan" means "what". Just stick it in the place of a noun in our basic sentence, and Bingo! Instant question. Incidentally, "nani" is a longer version of the same word, but in this particular type of sentence "nan" sounds more natural. Here's an exchange:

Mirai: "Kore wa nan desu ka?" ("What is this?")
Ryuu: "Sore wa bakudan desu. Tasukete!" ("That is a bomb. Help!")

Yet again, since Mirai says "kore", she's talking about something she's holding, and Ryuu responds with "sore", since he's talking to her. "Tasukete" is another handy one-word-sentence, meaning "Help!" or "Help me!". It's the imperative form of the verb "to help", but we'll find out what that means in a future lesson.

Putting It All Together

Basic Question Forms:

"[Statement] ka?" ("Is [Statement]?"; "Is [Statement] [true]?")
"Kore wa [thing] desu ka?" ("Is this (a) [thing]?")
"[Thing 1] wa [thing 2] desu ka?" ("Is [thing 1] (a) [thing 2]?")

Yes and no:

"Hai" ("Yes")
"Iie" ("No")

Person 1: "[Thing 1] wa [thing 2] desu ka?" ("Is [thing 1] (a) [thing 2]?")
Person 2: "Hai. [thing 2] desu." ("Yes. It's (a) [thing 2].")

Let's try a relatively complicated version:

"Boku no okane wa anata no mono desu ka?"

Hint: this is from a previous lesson. Since "Boku no okane" means "my money", and "anata no mono" means "your thing", the whole sentence would mean... "Is my money yours?" Make sense? (A more natural translation would be "Does my money belong to you?" Here's a possible answer:

"Hai. Ore no mono desu."

As before, the subject is usually omitted in the answer, so our bully is saying "Yes. It's mine." Incidentally, there are hints in here as to who is speaking: since "boku" is used by men, but doesn't have a particularly masculine image, while "ore" does, you can sort of guess that the first guy is being intimidated by the more aggressive second.

More Examples

Several more question sentences, mostly using statements from past lessons:

1. "Watashi wa baka desu ka?" ("Am I stupid?")
2. "Anata wa baka desu ka?" ("Are you stupid?")
3. "Anta, baka?" ("You stupid?")
4. "Omae wa Shinigami desu ka?" ("Are you the God of Death?")
5. "Anata wa atashi no tomodachi desu ka?" ("Are you my friend?")
6. "Airi wa boku no tomodachi desu ka?" ("Are you my friend, Airi?")
7. "Airi wa boku no tomodachi desu ka?" ("Is Airi my friend?")

This is all pretty straightforward. The first two sentences are versions of turning everybody's favorite word into a question. The third one is a very blunt way of asking the same question; "anta" is a reasonably impolite "you", and most of the sentence structure other than the question inflection has been left off.
In the last four sentences, we've got three different ways of asking similar questions. In number 4, since the subject is "omae", we can assume that the person asking isn't being particularly polite. In number 5, the speaker is a woman (see the "atashi?"), and is being reasonably polite.
In the 6th and 7th ones, the speaker is probably male ("boku"), and is talking about Airi. As was mentioned in a past lesson, from these sentences alone it's not clear whether Airi is being talked about, or whether she's being talked directly to--the English sentences are different, but in Japanese you can talk directly to someone using their name.